Category: Before 1690

Francois l’Olonnais was renowned for being particularly cruel and was especially feared by the Spanish colonists. Very little is know about his early life. It is known that his real name was Jean-David Nau and that he later became known as Francois l’Olonnais, meaning Frenchman from Sables-d’Olonne, referring the place he was born in sometime between 1630 and 1635. It is thought he received this name while on Tortuga. He was also sometimes simply known as Captain Francois. His family were so poor they sold him or he sold himself as an indentured servant to the French West India Company when he was fifteen. At first, he was sent to work on a sugar plantation in the French colony of Martinique in the Caribbean in the 1650s, sometime later ending up on Tortuga, off the coast of Hispaniola. While serving his three-year indenture, he got to know many buccaneers. What we know of this infamous pirate captain comes mostly from Alexandre Exquemelin’s 1678 account in the Dutch version The History of the Buccaneers of America.…

Although Henry Morgan is often called a pirate, he was really more of a privateer and soldier, only attacking the Spanish and usually not without a commission. At lot of information about Morgan comes from Alexander Exquemelin, who sailed with him as a surgeon. Most of this information was not very flattering, generally portraying the buccaneer leader in a negative light and accusing him of deeds that were not necessarily true. Among other things, Exquemelin claimed that Morgan was born poor and became an indentured servant in the Caribbean, but he in fact he more likely came from a family of wealthy Welsh farmers. One of his uncles, Edward Morgan, was even Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica. He was born Harri Morgan in about 1635 in either Llanrumney or Pencarn in the then Welsh county of Monmouthshire. His name was first anglicised to Henry when he was knighted in 1674. However, not much else is known about his early life.…